When an invasive plant fails to invade

When an ‘invasive’ fish species fails to invade! Example of the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva

A major problem in evaluating biological invasions is the lack of information on failed non-native species introductions, with invasiveness determined purely on establishment successes. This is the case of topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva, an Asiatic cyprinid fish that now occurs throughout most of Europe and is said to be highly invasive. Although the species has established itself in many...

Mitochondria in Kidney Injury: When the Power Plant Fails.

Mitochondrial damage or dysfunction contribute critically to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including AKI. Upon stress, mitochondrial dynamics are disrupted and membrane integrity is compromised, resulting in the release of apoptogenic factors, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), loss of membrane potential, energetic failure, and reactive oxygenspeciesproduction to inducecell in...

When Bellman's Principle Fails

We present several examples which show that the well known statements about Markov Decision Processes can fail if the loss function is not bounded.

When Sharing Fails

When Abstraction Fails

Reasoning about programs is mostly deduction: the reasoning from the abstract model to the concrete run. Deduction is useful because it allows us to predict properties of future runs—up to the point that a program will never fail its specification. However, even such a 100% correct program may still show a problem: the specification itself may be problematic, or deduction required us to abstrac...